Mining engineering is the extraction of valuable ores from the ground for processing and utilisation. It involves all phases of mining operations: from exploration and discovery, through feasibility, development, production, processing and marketing, to final land restoration and rehabilitation. Responsibility for the development and production phases of a mine requires a broad knowledge of all mining operations and skills in leadership and industrial relations. Graduates are employed by mining companies, initially on mine sites where minerals are extracted. With experience, mining engineers progress to senior managers or technical specialists, mine inspectors and advisers to government bodies. Many are employed by international companies, and gain overseas experience. Mining engineers are also employed by civil engineering companies to supervise tunnelling and open-cut operations for railways, roads, hydroelectric and sewerage works. Furthermore, as the Australian stock market is mainly dominated by the mining company shares, mining engineers are often employed by the financial institutes and banks for advice on mining shares.